Viral Marketing


I have always disliked the titles of the Dummy series, even as I know it draws attention (and makes sales). I am not a dummy, but I will pick up a book with that title, just because I know it always covers the subject at a 101 level.

So I thought a good title for this post would be “Marketing for Dummies,” because it is for those who either are lost in the forest of dry statistics, or for those who understand that marketing is creative, and haven’t seen much creative marketing for quite a while.

Here is my “Dummies” list of marketing commandments:

1. Know thy brand / product.
What are the features and benefits?

2. Know thy customer.
Paint a portrait of your customer from memory.

3. Great design is shown in how your customer relates to you.
Target your design to your customer.

4. Use great copy and content.
Ditto above law for content and copy.

5. Tweet that headline. Less is more.
Communicate in as few words as possible.

6. Allow drill-down.
Great site architecture or content management allows additional information to be stored where the user can find it, but not where he can trip over the non-essential data.

7. Remove obstacles to the sale.
Too much information, cloudy content, unfocused site architecture.

8. Exile the statisticians from the drafting room.
Statistics aren’t creating any brands or selling any products. Their job is to track results and keep the creative people on track.

9. Empower, don’t frustrate. Remember Aliyah’s 3/2 rule.
Three seconds is the attention-span of the average user. Pages should be designed with a maximum two-click link to the user’s desired (expected) outcome.

10. “The Buzz is the Brand.”™
Engage and involve your users, until they become loyal customers, and flock together in an organic community.

Common sense concepts for a complex field.

Is that an elephant I see in the living room?

Copyright 2009 Aliyah Marr

One of my first jobs was in the camera department of a large department store, which taught me a great deal about sales and marketing. My manager, who I will call “Abe,” showed me how to turn one-time customers into loyal clients. He never sold anything to a customer that he didn’t need. Abe followed every sale with free education about the equipment. He allowed returns. The most amazing thing about him is he did all this without thought of material reward.

Unlike many salesmen, he did not sell a higher-priced camera to an individual for the sales commission. He tried to ascertain the needs of the customer, and fit those needs with a camera that would not only meet those needs, but allow the individual to grow and learn about photography.

This man had a passion for the art of photography, a knowledge of technique and equipment, and a true concern for the individuals who came to him. I don’t remember his name, but I will never forget the lessons I learned from him. I have found these principles of honest, ethical salesmanship to be the foundation of a good marketing strategy, and a general life philosophy.

What is the difference between a customer and a client? A customer is someone who walks into your store and buys something from an indifferent clerk. He could buy the item from anywhere, and next time probably will, because his experience was indifferent. He is buying convenience, and nothing more. If another store is more convenient, he will buy there.

A client is the potential customer who wanders into a store and has a positive experience — he gets a great product that he loves, and feels a rapport with the salesperson. He comes back for help, and eventually buys more product or services. This customer is now a client.

What is at the base of the customer v.s. client difference? Relationship. People have a need for community. The very thing that our consumer-based culture denies us, is what we crave the most. A community begins with a simple friendship between two unrelated people. Micro relationships are at the very basis of society, and are why anything works at all.

Looking at a microcosm inside a petri dish of molecules or even quantum particles, we can see clearly how like likes to group with like. On a bigger scale, we can see how like birds flock together, how people gather wherever they can: coffee shops are about so much more than coffee.

We cannot quanitfy these tiny little relationships. They won’t show in any marketing analysis. Social networking is successful today because of the way that people naturally group themselves. Yes, we can try to monetize these tendencies, but wouldn’t it be better to reward the Honest Abe who is making those relationships that change peoples’ lives?

You can’t force relationships or communities. People will go where they will, forming new pathways connecting Point A to Point B. We can, however, change our focus, from a sterile consumer-based society into a rich culture of relationship and community. We do this by rewarding those hardworking relationship-builders on the front lines;  let their philosophy and ethics run the company instead of letting the company run them.

We can do this by making the company “culture” one that encourages long-term relationships between employees and clientele. We can do this by creating a favorable environment for the growth of community and relationships. I leave the details to your imagination and creativity.

Copyright 2009 Aliyah Marr

godin-2

As a designer, marketer and all-around thinker, I must say that I love Seth Godin. But it is not his trim physique that attracts my attention, it is his head. Particularly the top of his head.

There it is in every photograph, in every video, like a shining beacon of intelligence and humor. I wonder if he has ever had hair, or perhaps he has a full, luxuriant growth that he has to secretly mow everyday or it would destroy his image.

Seth Godin has made a brand out of baldness.

For this image to work as an icon he has to be totally, unabashedly, and completely bald. Not a glimmer or hint of living follicles can grace the top of his cranium, or he would lose his brand. He has to be proud of being bald, no hiding it by combing long hair over this pate. No, he has to put it out in full view as the remarkably immaculate image he so carefully maintains.

His head resembles a light-bulb.

I am sure he knew — being an idea-man — that the best way to show that he is a genius was to have his head look like that icon of idea-generation: a light-bulb. When a man is truly bald, he cannot help being noticed. Why not use baldness as a way to take over the (marketing) world?

godin-3The whole thing is probably a plot by Seth to gain ascendancy as the marketing genius of the modern age. He might have used Yul Brenner as a model for his nefarious marketing plan. Good ol’ Yul wasn’t “remarkable” until he shaved his head. Shaving his head made Yul an icon in the movie world, and it made him somehow irresistible to female fans, but it didn’t convey the idea that he was the Mensa of Marketing.

How did Seth ever hit on the brilliant idea of turning what most men might think of as a liability into a memorable brand? I like to imagine a thought bubble emanating from his celebrated cerebellum:

“Now, what can I do to make my image remarkable?” “How can I convey that I am a marketing genius just by using my head?”

The solution is now history.

Copyright 2009 Aliyah Marr

Business and money do not create anything. Inventors develop new products, and creative marketers communicate the value of those products to customers. In the end, the only thing that distinguishes one widget from another is the creative branding or a creative difference in the product itself. The only thing that the business people can do is change the price or show consumer statistics. But statistic and metric watchers are not creating new products or marketing them

We need to wake up; we are losing our creative class, the ones who made this country great. (Read David Heenan’s book about the flight of the creative class from America, “Flight Capital.”) Creative people engineer new ideas and paradigms; when business people step in and take over, they often devalue the original creators and reduce the brilliant concept to “business as usual.” As a result, we are losing our creative edge as our most creative people lose their jobs and our entrepreneurs and consultants are unable to support their creative ventures.

If you look at marketing job descriptions these days, they look like they were written by an accountant or CFO, and probably were, because these are the people who hold the money and only value statistics. However, statistics are not creative; companies such as Facebook and Linked In have been successful largely because of innovative ideas and creative marketing. Statistical marketing can only track statistics, not create new ideas and new paradigms.

When I read the job descriptions for “marketing professionals” I know why the economy is in such trouble: we have allowed the most conservative, least imaginative people to lead us. I suppose it is only natural: after all, we witnessed incredible idiocy on the other side of the spectrum during the dot-com bubble where kids straight out of college were given unbelievable amounts of free venture capital. These kids’ arrogance and lack of business sense caused the dot-com collapse and the flight of investment capital from innovative businesses.

So the pendulum has shifted: no one trusts creative people, everyone is afraid for their jobs, no one can speak up for innovation without a stack of dry statistics under their butt.

However, statistics and metrics are not going to save us from our fear or keep our underachieving businesses from failing. Why does it surprise anyone that American car manufacturers are in trouble today? It has absolutely nothing to do with the business and everything to do with creativity. They stopped innovating years ago!

Think back: when was it that an American car brand was a better product than a Toyota or a Honda? I can’t remember. I do know that I buy only foreign cars, not American cars. I can’t afford to buy an inferior product.

I saw a commercial on TV that lauded an American car manufacturer who is making a hybrid SUV that gets — get this — an amazing 20-mpg! A beat-up 1987 Honda Prelude with 300,000 miles on it gets 34 mpg today. The old forest of American car manufacturers do not need a bailout, they need a complete overhaul in their business divisions — replace some of those statisticians with creative marketers and innovators.

Statistics do not create, metrics do not brand. Marketing analysts do not know how to communicate the value of your product to a consumer. Take a step in the right direction: hire a creative person today, and listen to what (s)he says.

In the old days, a king would place himself on a human-sized scale: the tax due was the balance of his weight in gold bunion on the other tray of the scale. Now truly is the time to put creative people on that scale; pay them well, for they are worth their weight in gold.

Copyright 2009 Aliyah Marr, Author of Parallel Mind, The Art of Creativity

Honesty in advertising has become more imperative than ever before. The advent of viral marketing has increased the power of the consumer, and your word better equal his experience.

This is nowhere more apparent than on the web. Marketers still try to fool search engine spiders by writing blogs and pages to achieve top search engine rank. However, the words used must equal the true content of the page, or you will be tagged by the search engines as a “spamindexer.”

Marketers sometimes forget that the final client is not the spider or even the human-powered search engine, but the consumer. Your content has to be not only good, it has to be relevant to the viewer. If the viewer searched for “virus protection software” and gets a page of baited links instead of what he expected, you can bet he will not only go elsewhere, but the spider will soon debar your content from its index as well.

You can’t fool Mother Nature or the omniscient web spider for long. Be honest, present your product or service in the clearest way possible, and make it easy for all of us to “vote” for you with our attention and wallets.

For more information on how to write effective promotional copy, go to my other blog and read the following article:

http://selfpromotion.wordpress.com/2008/04/24/write-promotional-copy-for-seo-robots-and-for-people/

Also, see my website FreshAsylum.

– Copyright 2008 Aliyah Marr

I couldn’t resist the concept behind this company. It seems to be a true example of feel-good marketing as described in former articles in this blog. Read this article on TOMS Shoes in Foam Magazine:

http://www.foammagazine.com/featured/toms-means-one-for-me-one-for-you/#more-451

Blake Mycoskie blends philanthropy with a grassroots business model that is truly inspirational. I like to think that the reason why he sold an astounding 10,000 pairs of shoes in his first three months of operation is because people want to do good.

While traveling in the South American country two years ago, Mycoskie noticed a couple of things. First, the easy, basic style of footwear local farmers wore. And second, that many of the children in the North had no shoes on and were suffering from foot infections as a result.” So he decided to start a company that would make shoes and donate a pair to these poor children for every pair sold… The company name TOMS stands for “Shoes for Tomorrow.”

Let’s see if TOMS Shoes adheres to the principles of Feel-Good Marketing as outlined in article two of this series:

1. make it easy for them to buy your product–remove the obstacles to sale
– the website makes it easy to buy online or from a store.

2. make your product stand out as the clear choice in a sea of choices
– it is clear what the product is; apparently the appeal is the humble origins of the design and the chance to do good by buying the shoe. On second look, the TOMS shoe design is not much different from the familiar Chinese cloth shoes — canvas uppers and plastic soles. There is a leather insole, which adds to their perceived value while contributing to their comfort.

3. make them confident of your company (“image” branding)
– the brand seems to be based mostly upon the “do good” image.

4. let them see your product in terms of its value to them
– again, mostly the idea of doing good. I like the shoes, but the t-shirts and hats simply sport a simple, and rather dull logo, not the height of fashion.

5. understand the motivations of your customer
– it is easy to see that the founder underestimated his customer’s desire to do good; he wanted to sell 250 pairs of shoes and ended up selling 10,000.

6. make them feel good about their choice post sale
– I don’t know from my perusal of the website and the article in Foam Magazine if the customer feels good about the shoes post sale. Perhaps some testimonials are in order?

7. offer them a chance to do good with their purchase
– this brand certainly does that! My only concern is the environmental impact of the materials from which the shoes are made: canvas and EVA. According to Nicholas Narsavidze, owner of Legend Clothes, cotton is an enviromentally damaging crop, and my research on EVA doesn’t reassure me. Perhaps it is recycled EVA? I can’t help but wonder what happens to the shoes when they are thrown away.

I wonder if it would be a good opportunity for Legend Clothes (see my article on Legend Clothes in my other blog: Alternative Everything) to partner with TOMS to help with the ecological concerns of the product.

Suggested improvements:

1. Include a way for the user to get involved using Web 2.0 tactics and community building (see my articles on Community Building in this blog) Some ideas:

– allow users to design their own shoes and give them to friends. The best designs could then be licensed by the company for sale online and in stores.

– allow people who buy shoes to automatically become community members with various benefits.

– the community members can contribute ideas to help the philanthropic arm of the company. Credit the members with the ideas; give a reward of shoes or merit badge to the winning members with the best ideas.

– for more ideas of how an online community can be built and used for viral marketing, see my articles on Community Building on this blog.

2. Find a way to get better, more fashionable design into the product line.

– I am not seeing anything that makes me want to go out and buy the shoes, based upon their curb appeal. Why can’t these shoes be more fun and trendy? Polkadots and stripes? Come on! There is so much more that could be done with the design of this shoe. Pay good designers to come up with something that will sell these shoes on their own merit. Or, if you want to market to the younger crowd, give new designers a chance to have their work showcased. As defined in my article on Community Building, credit the designers at least. Better yet: credit them and pay them. I don’t see this on their website.

3. Explore materials that are eco-friendly; both in the manufacturing process and in the trash dump, where, let’s face it, all shoes eventually do their walking.

Entrepreneur Blake Mycoskie proves that you still can start a company in the USA from your apartment, and do good for impoverished people. All, in all, a very inspirational story about how someone started with an idea to do good and is making a profit as well.

– Copyright 2008 Aliyah Marr

(this article may be reproduced as long as credit to the author(s) is maintained and links to the original content is provided)

Your copy can make or break your website; the content on your site should support your product, company or service. When it doesn’t, sites don’t work. Common content errors include:

Endless Sand and not a Drop to Drink.
Lost in an unending desert of words and the endless scrolling page, your readers expire from exhaustion before they can reach the oasis of truth.

The Three Second Countdown Extended to a Twenty Second Download.
On the web we have three seconds to grab someone, but your page takes a full twenty seconds to download.

Your Readers Feel Like They Are on a Bad Date.
The user can’t figure out why they should stay on your site. It’s so boring that they can’t wait to leave.

…Or on a Blind Date.
The keywords on your page do not reflect your content. The search engine sent them here, but they don’t know why they are here. There is no “duh” page that lets them know that they are where they want to be: with YOU.

No, Toto — We’re Not in Kansas Anymore.
The search engine landed the user in your website, otherwise known as Terra Incognita. Nothing resembles anything on THEIR map of familiar landmarks, and desired vistas. They are disoriented and decide to leave quickly before the flying monkeys arrive.

“Lost In a Dark Forest Wandering.”
Meandering, pointless phrases or countless buttons confuse your reader with too many choices. They are lost in a forest of choices.

You Have Too Many Keys to the Same Door.
On the other hand, the writer who tries to fit in as many keywords as possible makes a meaningless mash for the human viewer.

Confronted with A Maze of Information, the Player Gets Discouraged and Leaves the Game.
A reader gets tired easily from information that is not presented logically and from the user’s point of view.

Other articles on promotion:
http://selfpromotion.wordpress.com

—- Copyright 2008 Aliyah Marr

THE FUTURE
The Emergence of Interactive Media and the Democratization of Communication
As a culture we are evolving from left brain bias to a more balanced mode. We are increasingly becoming more right brain — we are becoming a picture-based society, and learning / communicating / interacting is becoming experiential and iconographic. This revolution in thinking and visualization is being led by graphic designers, information designers and advertisers.

Much of today’s population in the U.S. has grown up in a game-playing environment. Increasing sophistication is changing the expectations of the user. As we train the user to use the games/interfaces we create, we are changing our own culture in every area of life. From cell phones to GPS systems in cars, the expectations of the user are ported from other, more established media (TV and games) to these new interfaces. This makes our job of training the user a bit easier, but it is a kind of house of cards for anyone who has skipped some of the “training” — for example, an elderly person who has never played an online game may not know how to program a cell phone or use the GPS system in their car.

INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION
Interactive, non-linear media is the tool that reflects and molds this developing culture. Interactive media is democratic: power is being given back to the individual. This is influencing us on every level as a culture, and it is going so fast that most people don’t see it. I do see it, and I like to be aware of it as I work as an artist, as a designer, and as a teacher.

Corporations and advertising firms are losing revenue because many of them are behind the times on this issue; they continue to try to use outmoded forms of advertising and communication. Since the user is no longer a sitting duck for the bullet of the advertiser, the advertiser has to change his methods. The user can choose his experience and is sophisticated in the use of his new-found freedom. So the advertiser has to become increasingly more sophisticated in how to deliver his message, he has to clothe it in interesting content and deliver it in an engaging interface.

DEMOCRATIC MEDIA — Social Networking
When the average user has the ability to express his thoughts via a blog, put up a video of his daily activities, and make or break a brand via his search engine “vote”, the landscape of interactive media has changed. Personally, I find it very exciting.

It is up to us as interactive designers to create ever new ways of engaging, communicating with, and informing the user. What is different is that we have to listen to the user more than ever before.

MY VISION
I envision the following as the future for interactive design, some of this is already in process:
– interfaces that change “on the fly”, adapting to the user
– interfaces that educate the user seamlessly
– interfaces that enable the user to “design” his own interface
– interfaces that allow the inclusion of more networking abilities
– interfaces that connect more pieces of the user’s life with control from a central location
– interfaces that organically “grow” on their own, past the vision of their designers
– interfaces that are open source
– more shared content in an open source environment
– the formation of networks of special interest groups and the linking of these networks
– interfaces that expand and collapse, according to the needs of the user
– the increasing use of z-space in interface design, not necessarily expressed as traditional 3D
– the emergence of new kinds of collaborative experiences
– interfaces that address learning and engagement of both sides of the brain

– copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

This last article on feel-good marketing focuses on customer service: that part of the company that most advertisers and marketers seem to ignore. It is, admittedly, the hardest part of any business. The employees may not be well-paid or sufficiently trained to deal with customers. This is the front line of any business, and it merits a great deal of attention. Since your service people represent your company, it is imperative that they do a good job.

There are several ways to ensure this: good training, good pay, perks, benefits, a reliable support system from the company to back them up, and innovative ways to relieve the inevitable stress of dealing with customers all day. Allow them some latitude in dealing with the customers, something that they can provide (a benefit to the customer, monetary benefit, reimbursement of fees paid, etc.) to ensure that the customer walks away with a positive experience.

Above all, let them know when they have done a good job. Give them promotions, time off, or other perks at that time, let them know that their feedback is appreciated, and you take their view seriously.

As a consumer, and commentator on corporate culture, I make sure that the manager of a good customer service representative knows when they have done a good job. In this month, I have written two letters to the PR departments of companies extolling their employees. I am always curious as to whether they tell the employee about the letter.

The first letter was to Virgin Mobile (mentioned in the last article), and the response they sent me:

—–

Hi,

My name is Aliyah Marr. I am a new customer of Virgin Mobile, and just wrote in one of my blogs about my positive experience with VM and US customer service (phone number transfer) manager Ron.

http://freshasylum.wordpress.com/2007/12/07/feel-good-marketing-article-2/

I hope you can thank Ron and the others at VM who helped me transfer my number from a recalcitrant Cingular service. Please feel free to quote me; you may link to the article or use my name. I write several blogs; don’t be surprised if I do it again!

Aliyah Marr

—–

Hi Aliyah,

Thanks for your email!

We are so happy to receive such great feedback! We hear from customers often, but not all as you can imagine are as complimentary to Virgin Mobile or our super Advisors!

We will be happy to share your great news with those within Virgin Mobile! Thanks for taking your time to let us know we did a good job!

Best of all we are here 24/7 to help you out! Simply call us at 1-888-322-1122. We’ll be delighted to assist you.

Melvin
Virgin Mobile At Your Service

—–

The second letter I sent was to a storage company; the manager, Ram Khan, reported to me that they forwarded on the letter to him:

Subject: Queens Storage Manager Ram Khan
To: WebCustomerIssues@extraspace.com

Hi,

I just wanted to tell you that your manager Ram Khan … is the best! He is so helpful, efficient and kind. I have had a storage space with you since 2005, and every time I call I ask for Ram, because he knows me by name, and has helped me from the beginning.

In an industry where customer service is often ignored, he steps to the plate and goes the extra mile. I can tell you that I might have gone elsewhere to store my stuff, if it hadn’t been for Ram. It is the people who make a business, and it is people like Ram who keep customers. Every business man knows that the best customer is the one you already have.

I write a blog on marketing and design; the last article talked about how good customer service gives the customer value, and allows him to feel good about doing business with your company.

http://freshasylum.wordpress.com/

Thanks again, and tell Ram I called!

Aliyah Marr

—–

It is the customer service employee as representative of the company who is your company to the customer. Treat him/her well because it is these people who make or break your business.

When a customer has a positive experience with your company, they are likely to talk about it. Through viral marketing, your company is advertised for free. This article advertises the Extra Space Storage company and they haven’t spent a dime.

Now this company is smart; they are already using a form of viral marketing: they will knock off some money on a customer’s rate if one of their friends becomes a customer. OK, this might cost them a little in the beginning, but they haven’t laid out any money to get this advertising beyond the initial flyer they put in the bill’s envelope. Long-term, word of mouth is the cheapest form of marketing there is.

The point is that the whole key to viral marketing is the recommendation of one customer to another. Traditional advertising is a whole lot more expensive. One positive experience may translate to a lot more customers and more business, depending on the reach of that customer. So you leverage the positive experience of one customer to get more customers.

Viral marketing only works if the word out on the street about you is good, and that is the lesson: use feel good-marketing throughout your entire business process, from advertising to customer service. And don’t forget your employees.

(Mention this article and my name if you decide to store your stuff at any Extra Space Storage facility to kick back a rebate to me. This is also a good test of the power of viral marketing. Thanks!)

—- copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

In the first article, Feel Good Marketing, I talked about how a company can get and retain customers by generating a “feel good” experience for the consumer throughout the entire business process; from marketing, through the sale, through post sale, on to continuing business.

I recounted an example of poor customer service by way of example of how a company may be able to sell a customer on their product, but fall down during the post sale experience. As a balance, I want to show a couple of examples of how a company can do well through the entire process.

To review, in the first article I outlined a few basic principles of great feel-good marketing:

1. make it easy for them to buy your product–remove the obstacles to sale
2. make your product stand out as the clear choice in a sea of choices
3. make them confident of your company (“image” branding)
4. let them see your product in terms of its value to them
5. understand the motivations of your customer
6. make them feel good about their choice post sale
7. offer them a chance to do good with their purchase

Recently, I bought a new cell phone with Virgin Mobile and had a great experience with this company. I’ll go though the principles above, one by one, to see how VM has racked up a 10 in my scoring system so far.

1. make it easy for them to buy your product–remove the obstacles to sale

OK, Virgin Mobile has a variety of phones in Target, a place where I shop for a variety of other things. The packaging allows me to see that the process looks easy, and I have some choice (but not so many that I am confused). The process was clear: buy the phone and follow the easy instructions inside the brochure (the distressed typeface and red/black/white color scheme is not the clearest, but fits the company’s young image) to set up the phone, transfer the number, buy minutes. Easy, no obstacles there.

2. make your product stand out as the clear choice in a sea of choices

I had a variety of choices in Target, from the Go Phone — which was my first choice, if only because I was with Cingular at the time, and I wanted to transfer the SIMM card. The other choices were rather poor — the Go Phone offered only a couple of phones. No other company offered the camera phone I wanted at such a low cost as VM. The other pre-paid companies didn’t have the coverage of VM (which uses the Sprint network), or had expensive phones.

3. make them confident of your company (“image” branding)

The image of the company is that of a hip young alternative to the expensive post-paid phones. Who doesn’t want to be hip? Certainly, I am confident of the company, being in the Virgin family. When you call them to set up the phone, a young girl called Simone answers. The voice is not that of the bland vanilla corporate voice mail operator, but someone you or I might already know. Although, I got pretty tired of Simone’s patter after trying to get to a live operator for a couple of days, still I appreciated her friendly tone and verbiage, even when told I had to wait yet again.

(Wouldn’t it be great to have Lily Tomlin alias Ernestine as the voice on the phone? “One ring-a-dingy, two ring-a-dingy…”)

4. let them see your product in terms of its value to them

The brochure was clear in that I could control my costs easily, without overage charges. The camera phone was only $59. as opposed to a comprable AT&T phone at over $200. (the free phones come with a contract). Obviously, one of these companies is either living in the past when this technology was new, or is looking for another way to gouge the consumer. Or worse, lock him into a contract with a “free” phone.

5. understand the motivations of your customer

The copy on the brochure and packaging was targeted directly to someone like me, who has been burned by post-paid charges — I once had a $700. bill with Cingular — and wants to not only keep their costs down, but keep their current number and have flexible plans.

6. make them feel good about their choice post sale

Now, this gets interesting. I had a problem switching my phone number from the Cingular / ATT post-paid service to Virgin Mobile. I started the process with a call on Friday; the issue was not resolved until the following Tuesday. The third-party vendor, San Diego Wireless, who was in control of my Cingular monthly account claimed that Cingular would not allow a number transfer between post-paid and pre-paid service. The manager at Virgin Mobile, Ron, said that that was not true and that they were able to transfer such numbers all the time. For an entire day, I made calls between the two companies, trying to resolve the problem; I started to feel like a ping-pong ball in a match.

Until that day, I had been very happy with San Diego Wireless, and I had made a point of telling them so. The tech people had been very helpful, and I liked being able to have a phone service without a contract. As the day wore on, I contemplated what it would mean to me to lose this number. I was finally resigned to my loss, but by 10 pm that night, I got a message from VM that I had retained the number.

I was surprised, and pleased. I am not clear whether it was though the efforts of VM or the techs at San Diego Wireless, or even Cingular who came through. I would like to thank whoever it was. However, my point is that during this process I got to talk quite a bit to the people at VM, Ron, the manager, specifically.

Ron told me that he, himself, has a VM cell phone and is pleased with it. He started to outline some of the features that are not apparent at first glance. Some of these appealed a great deal to me, such as the ability to switch on the fly between plans. For instance, if you are on a monthly plan, and want to go on vacation, you can switch to a pre-paid until you get back. He made me feel that I had made the right choice to buy from a company that not only offers me the kind of flexibility I desire, but good, knowledgeable service, and people who obviously were willing to go the extra mile for me.

Most companies do not sufficiently reward good employees who go the extra mile for their customers. Perhaps they don’t understand the first two principles of business — that the satisfied customer is your best advertisement, and that the customer you already have is your best customer. Retaining that customer saves the cost of going out and getting a new customer. A happy customer does your advertising for you (see my articles on viral marketing).

I encourage consumers to make sure to report when they are well served by someone in customer service, to thank these people “on the front lines” when they do a good job (sometimes despite the regulations) when they make you feel good about yourself and about your transaction/interaction. These people are often not paid well enough for taking all that flak in the name of the company. One of the ways to pay them is to tell them and their superiors about how good a job they have done for you. (Since writing this article, I have emailed VM to tell them what a great job Ron and the others did for me.)

7. offer them a chance to do good with their purchase

During the many calls I made to Virgin Mobile, the hold contained a message from Jewel about the many homeless kids on the street, and about VM’s effort to give phones to them. The package the phone came in contained a postage paid envelope for shipping used phones to the company for recycling or as gifts to the homeless. I used the package to mail my used Cingular phone (good riddance!) to VM; I hope someone can use it to help themselves.

The entire process of buying from Virgin Mobile makes me feel good: I feel good that I made a good purchase. I got exactly what I wanted: I kept my number, I got a camera phone, I have a flexible plan with a company that provides excellent customer support. Best of all, Virgin Mobile helped me do good by recycling my old phone by giving it to the homeless.

– copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

Feel-Good Marketing

Marketing is all about getting the customer to buy your product. To that end here are a few simple guidelines:

1. make it easy for them to buy your product–remove the obstacles to sale

2. make your product stand out as the clear choice in a sea of choices

3. make them confident of your company (“image” branding)

4. let them see your product in terms of its value to them

5. understand the motivations of your customer

6. make them feel good about their choice post sale

7. offer them a chance to do good with their purchase

Speaking from a designer’s point of view, the art of marketing is a matter of branding, image and point of sale. The science of marketing is best left to those who study the analytics.

This article is about how and why people buy, and specifically the less obvious motivators in current trends. I will focus on the guidelines listed above, meanwhile expanding on the definition of feel-good marketing.

Here is one definition: “Feel Good marketing involves promoting products that make people feel good about themselves because they are helping to make a better world for all.” — Steve Gillich CTM, President of the Canadian Institute of Travel Counselors http://login.greatbignews.com/UserFiles/118/May152007.htm

Now, a company that only does this kind of feel-good marketing may fail because it is not watching the bottom line, or because the primary motivator — “how does buying this item benefit me?” — is lacking. The company may fail because they did not fulfill the guidelines listed above, or because of other more quantitative (field of marketing analysis) reasons.

A broader definition of feel-good marketing is that the customer should feel good about buying your product / service from the start of the buying process to the sale, through the life of that product / service. Every businessman knows that repeat customers are the best customers. A repeat customer is one who has had a positive experience with the company.

I recently experienced inept customer service from a company: funneled to customer service in India, I ended up speaking to the supervisor. In our lengthy conversation, he implied that I was stupid and irresponsible. His unwillingness to understand or offer to help was shocking, and his supercilious attitude was outrageous. I was wondering who trained this individual, so that he might think it was in the company’s best interest to insult or belittle customers. Even if there was nothing that the representative could do for me, he could have used courtesy and diplomacy to make sure I walked away with a positive feeling. Instead, the net effect of my conversation with this person was negative. Therefore, my desire to deal with this company is severely impacted, and the value of their service to me has dropped.

A company should be concerned with customer retention, through a sustained positive experience. They might have sold me something once, but I won’t continue or buy again if I have had a negative experience. Worse, through viral marketing, a disgruntled consumer has ever more power to affect other people’s opinions than before.

Each step in the marketing guidelines outlined above can be seen in terms of feel-good marketing:

1. make it easy for them to buy your product–remove the obstacles to sale

This is best done by good design: if on the internet, make the path to the sale obvious and intuitive to your buyer. Give him access to plenty of rationale to back up his decision to buy your product, not in the top level of the site architecture where it may confuse him, but in the lower levels . Other media has to be even clearer and succinct. (I will cover design criteria in other articles.) A user feels good about the buying process because it is easy and clear. The last thing you want to do is to confuse him with too much information, clutter, and lack of information hierarchy. If the potential buyer is confused, he feels stupid, and is much less willing to buy.

2. make your product stand out as the clear choice in a sea of choices

Again, this is the job of the designer. A good designer makes the value of the brand clear to the consumer. Even if the brand is more expensive than the competition, the user feels good about buying this product over another. The direct benefit of buying a brand has to be clear. Why would a person buy designer jeans when any pair has the same function? Cachée, image, good design, fit, etc. It all falls under the heading of “feel-good” — the buyer wants to feel good about his choice.

3. make them confident of your company (“image” branding)

Building an image is a careful process of using good design to inspire confidence and trust in a company. Customers buy for many reasons, but once they have been burned by a fly-by-night, here-today-gone-tomorrow company, they are cautious of trusting their money to unprofessional-looking businesses.

4. let them see your product in terms of its value to them

This is the same as in point #2: the customer has to be sure of how the product is going to benefit them. They want to feel good about its value.

5. understand the motivations of your customer

Part of the process of design-marketing is determining the “portrait” of your consumer, so that you may target your marketing their way. Understanding what motivates someone to buy your product is a key part of the early design-marketing process. One of the prime motivations is the desire to feel good about not just what they purchase, but about themselves as a consumer.

6. make them feel good about their choice post sale

Make them feel smart, and savvy through good customer service, and support. The repeat customer and longtime client is your best, least expensive form of advertising (see my articles on viral marketing and community building on this site). Nonexistent or poor customer service is a form of very expensive negative advertising for your business. I predict that, in the near future, companies will rise and fall due to the power of the consumer and buzz marketing. Make sure that the word out on the street about you is not negative.

7. offer them a chance to do good with their purchase

Lastly, although this is not a prime motivator for most people, this will be an incredible boost to your company if you can offer your consumers a way to feel good about themselves through altruistic action. Make it easy for them to “do right” and to feel that their purchase, although made primarily for their own benefit, can do something for others or for the environment. In this way, people can feel good about being part of a larger community of people with high values. More information on how to generate good feelings in people who feel part of a community of like-minded individuals is covered in my articles on community building on this site.

Copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

– this article may be reproduced; just write me first at:

myfullname@gmail.com

This series of articles is about building a virtual community based upon what I call “natural ethics” (see Building a Community, Article 1), and upon an internal system of “tithing” as a reward system for the members of the community.

I can build a virtual community that is of benefit for all within the Community and for the Company which is providing the infrastructure. Following is the summary of the previous articles and an outline for how I would achieve this project.

What am I selling to the Company?

- a network of Special Interest Group communities based upon “natural ethics”
- the idea of a social network where the creative input of each member is rewarded by the Community
- structure / design of the umbrella Community
- set up various initial SIG communities
- viral dissemination techniques — proven and innovative
- possible implementation of viral dissemination and SIG communities
- representation of Community as head curator for Company’s umbrella Community
- marketing/PR of the Company and of Community to various communities / schools / businesses

How do I plan on getting the word out?
- viral / buzz marketing
- associations and sponsorships
- cult sharing
- texting
- cool “goodies” with logo
- school touring
- trade shows
- PR/seminars/training

Company provides
- servers
- development / design of Community (wiki-based?)
- development of the internal “tithing” structure
- access to marketing / sales / management for brainstorming / branding and implementation
- industry contacts/support for speaking engagements / interviews (trade shows, seminars, press)
- support from sponsors
- funds where needed as agreed upon by Community

What do I want beyond my consulting fee?
- as described in “natural ethics” — benefits from my creative ideas:
- financial renumeration from Company for additional work
- credit in the press and in all company publications for my ideas
- “tithing” for what I create within the Community just like any other member

What does the Company receive?
- one of the first online Communities based upon “natural ethics”
- cult following
- website views
- possible revenue from sponsors
- possible revenue from “tithing” as a benefit for Community employees
- lots of marketing / design ideas from within the Community
- feedback
- satisfied user base
- press regarding the innovative Community we are building
- spin-off PR effect: PR about Aliyah Marr mentions Community and Company

– copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

Other articles on Building Virtual Communities:

<– Article 1 :::: Article 2 :::: Article 3 –>

This series of articles is about how to create a virtual community using the principles of “Natural Ethics” as outlined in article one. This new kind of community benefits all members, according to the individual’s creativity and effort. The infrastructure for a synergistic community such as this can be created by a commercial entity. The entity can benefit from the size and cohesiveness of the community once it grows.

This concept is already proven in each of its parts in several existent communities today. I am taking as model the following websites/communites: Wikipedia, Ebay, Amazon, Craigslist, UTube. Wikipedia for the involvement of dedicated volunteers: writers and editors. Ebay for the rating system of the sellers and the successful business model. Amazon for the book reviews/book lists from readers. Craigslist for the self-policing of its members. UTube for the democratization of input from users.

The one thing that is missing from all these sites, is a reward system for members of the site for creative input/work. So I am proposing a system called “tithing.” Wikipedia defines tithing thus:

“A tithe (from Old English teogoþa “tenth”) is a one-tenth part of something, paid as a (usually) voluntary contribution or as a tax or levy, usually to support a Jewish or Christian religious organization. Today, tithes (or tithing) are normally voluntary and paid in cash, cheques, or stocks, whereas historically tithes could be paid in kind, such as agricultural products. Several European countries operate a formal process linked to the tax system allowing some churches to assess tithes.”

So a tithe is a voluntary contribution to support an organization. The difference in what I propose is a system where members tithe or reward other members for their work or creativity. The system will be policed and run by the community itself, in the manner described above. If someone does not adhere to the rules set by the community: i.e. steals intellectual property, does not tithe the creator for a service or product, then the community can “throw out” that member. I would imagine that the blogging part of the community would form a kind of reporting system to keep members in line, kind of like a neighborhood community “watch” system. Simply not allowing perpetrators to get away unseen is a great deterrent; the in-house media system made up of individual bloggers acts like a natural system of checks and balances.

Below is my outline for such a community:

General Principles
- benefits for members come from the Community itself, not from company
- “Tithing” is defined here as a way of giving back to the originator of a concept/design
- Tithing can be done:
- between members, the buyer and the seller
- between communities
- the funds from Tithing can be given to:
- a member
- a Community employee (defacto member, expected to participate and benefit)
- a SIG Community inside the Community
- a charity inside or outside the Community
- Company builds infrastructure for Community
- Community manages itself (see below)
- ethics are resolved within the Community thus:
- respect for intellectual / artistic property
- win / win — everyone benefits, no one is exploited for their creativity
- input from everyone is encouraged (people see that their contributions are valued)
- lateral structure / non-hierarchical
- democratic — everyone is heard equally
- credit given for input by members (also financial / or goodie renumeration where appropriate)
- content and structure is related to Community platform, but not exclusive to the platform
- Community is self-managed/self-policed

What encourages people to use/belong to a Community? The right blend of uniqueness and alikeness.
- uniqueness — what is the benefit to the individual
- information they can use for work or life
- positive ethics within Community
- members may gain a benefit in world outside Community — renown, job, mate, etc.
- members may work towards “star” status within one or more communities
- cult / elite “insider” status
- coolness factor
- people want to be given credit (paid in accolades or money) for their input
- people want to be heard; complaints addressed, software problems addressed
- people want to express themselves
- people feel valued, smart, and important
- users have to see individual benefits to themselves
- alikeness — what is the benefit to the Community
- positive ethics within Community
- grassroots appeal
- usability
- people want to help others (most want to be known for it)
- people like to feel part of a team
- sense of communality
- trust and respect within the Community

Member Benefits
- “Tithing” — financial benefit — others buy the use of your interface / content
- members / creators
- Community builders
- Community may “buy” a member’s content / interface design
- Community may “buy” a member’s design to be one of the cool handouts
- use of Community platform
- members can market to others — if you build it they will come (use and buy)
- user generates unique content / interfaces
- other members pay originators to use interfaces / content
- can build their own Community
- can participate in another Community
- networking
- insider knowledge — blogging / magazines
- members who bring in other members get cool stuff to keep and to give the new members

Community builders
- Community initiators may receive tithing for their work
- anyone can build a Community and receive Tithing
- Community builders with larger member-base get “fringe benefits” — cool logoware, etc

Examples of kinds of SIG communities
- businesses
- charities
- organizations
- school children
- home schooling
- universities
- religious
- dating service
- artists
- designers
- animators
- musicians
- online magazines

Management techniques
- Peer Production — Amazon model
- Peer Management — Wikipedia model

–> more to come

– copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

** any parties interested in hiring me to form this online community, please email me at: myfullname@gmail.com

Other articles on Building Virtual Communities:

<– Article 1 :::: Article 2 :::: Article 3 –>

This is the first in a series of articles about how to build a new kind of socio-economic virtual community using “natural ethics” as policy and structure. The financial benefit to belonging in the community I propose is equally shared by all participating members. The community is run by the community, not by any commercial interest, although the infrastructure may be built and run by a commercial interest. This last point is important, for if one understands the basis of viral marketing and community building, it is the users who are the building blocks of social networks.

First, let’s examine the commercial and social activity on the internet. What has changed in the last few years?

• internet hacking has increased
• email spamming has reached epidemic levels
• people have developed a strong aversion to advertising on the web
• people have a wide choice of places to go, and things to participate in
• free is not enough, it has to be something that they can benefit from right away
• many users are afraid to download anything on the web
• the democratization of media — users love being able to create and post content
• users need to see the benefits to them for anything they do
• people tend to trust the opinion of other users over advertisements
• overload — users are distracted by the plethora of places to go and things to do
• stickiness / loyalty is increasingly difficult to build

The trend seems to be towards an increasing democratization of media, away from corporate and central control. Communities or networks of like-minded individuals form in any space where people may express their voice. Online communities are the name of the day.

What forms can a community of enthusiasts take?

THE DRIVE BY WINDOW — friend to friend, business associate to associate
• people are added one by one
• slow process

THE LOCAL COFFEE SHOP — a simple place for users to meet; like a support group
• draws only from people interested in one thing
• members only stay as long as they benefit: getting a question answered
• people are not encouraged to stay for any other reason

THE PLANNED COMMUNITY — a commercial company provides an infrastructure for a community (ex. Wikipedia)
• draws from a larger group of people with varying individual interests, grouped because of a larger common interest
• infrastructure provides easy of use
• more interests, more reason to stay
• more chance for members to be recognized by the community for input
• more trust inside the community for adoption of the products presented within the community
• infrastructure can make the adoption of the products easy or even part of the structure

More about how to make a planned community work:
• make a way to claim belonging to an “in” group: a cool logo
• make a way for the groups to benefit from bridging to other groups (with permission)
• allow for closed groups and open groups
• visual map the networks and the connections a user makes in a nav system, based upon user preferences — my constellation system
• get the customers to educate the new users — assign them special status with stars from the users for good replies / service

The planned community has the best chance for building a virtual neighborhood with the most benefit to all. Subsequent articles will explore the kind of community that I have in mind, one that uses “natural ethics” to protect and serve all its members.

It seems to me that given an environment where all are respected and where all benefit, these are the kind of ethics that would naturally evolve:

“Natural Ethics” principles for Community Building (from The Gaia Paradigm)

- inclusion instead of exclusion
- partnership / cooperation
- enough for all
- responsible action
- tolerance for others
- credit for ideas / work within the community
- economic benefit for ideas / work
- democratic voice

–> more to come

– copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

Other articles on Building Virtual Communities:

<– Article 1 :::: Article 2 :::: Article 3 –>

There is a great interest in viral marketing these days. In many ways it is a marketer’s dream — for little or no money you could get the word out about your product or brand. How? Let your customers do your marketing for you!

Wikipedia defines viral marketing thus:

“Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks to produce increases in brand awareness, through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It can be word-of-mouth delivered or enhanced by the network effects of the Internet. [1] Viral marketing is a marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message voluntarily.[2] Viral promotions may take the form of funny video clips, interactive Flash games, advergames, images, or even text messages.

It is claimed that a satisfied customer tells an average of three people about a product or service he/she likes, and eleven people about a product or service which he/she did not like.[3] Viral marketing is based on this natural human behavior.

The goal of marketers interested in creating successful viral marketing programs is to identify individuals with high Social Networking Potential (SNP) and create Viral Messages that appeal to this segment of the population and have a high probability of being passed along.

The term “viral marketing” is also sometimes used pejoratively to refer to stealth marketing campaigns[4]–the use of varied kinds of astroturfing both online and offline [5] to create the impression of spontaneous word of mouth enthusiasm.”

– http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viral_marketing&oldid=168774903

Convoluted marketing ploys aside, if you look at it from a cultural standpoint, viral marketing has been around a long time. People always talk about what things work for them, what got the stain out, what cable company they use, why they love it or hate the service. Companies can get people to not only wear their t-shirts, but also even pay for the shirt so that the brand is advertised. Why do they pay to advertise a product or brand?

It’s the coolness factor. It is the elite of the small user group, the SIG (special interest group) that likes to proclaim that they are “different”, but cooler than you. Brands have used this for years to convince customers to pay premium prices for a product that could be the same in quality and usefulness as any other. It is an odd behavior that may be most obvious among the young but affects us all: peer pressure. If everyone else thinks it’s cool it must be.

There is as much a dress code among rebellious teenaged dropouts as ever was in any religious school. The difference may only be in the price tag for the apparel (and the price for differing in any way from the status quo). Cult marketing takes this trend to heart, by identifying how cults work.

What is a cult but a small group that exists within or outside a larger established group? During ancient roman times, Christianity was considered a “religious cult” by the established religion of the day. Nowadays, Christians consider Pagans a “religious cult”. Any group of others outside a larger group may most easily call a cult because they don’t belong to the larger group.

Beyond the negative connotations of the term, there are lessons to be learned about social behavior, particularly in regards to how people communicate with each other, and the basic human need to find a community of like-minded people. This information has far-reaching implications for anyone interested in cultural phenomena, social networking, and viral marketing.

People naturally gather with others of like-mind. When they do, they talk — this is viral marketing behavior. The “virus” travels through the network of the group that the initial person is in contact with. To find out what makes viral marketing work, one must first understand what makes a group.

What makes someone feel part of a group? A set of values, a code of behavior, personal preferences are some of the most basic building blocks of any group. This gets back to the idea of community: what makes a group a community, how to build a community, which I will cover in a subsequent article.

– Copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

Some call this phenomenon “open source media.”

The emergence of popular outlets for amateur expression such as YouTube, FaceBook, and MySpace has changed interactive media in an unanticipated way. Who is an authority in an environment where anyone can contribute or edit the vast encyclopedia of human knowledge? Where is the natural barrier of professional status? What will happen to the professional writers, web designers, and videographers?

Of course, what may happen is a general shakeout similar to what happened to many professions as they were changed to digital: typography, publishing, print design, etc. As the amateurs invaded each profession armed with the software program that was supposed to replace the professional, we were suddenly deluged with a great deal of bad work. Did the general public recognize bad design? No. What happened is that the value of the profession to the little client plummeted — “I’ll have my secretary buy the software and make the newsletter, it will save us money.” — and it shook out a lot of designers serving the lower end of the client pond. So, suddenly there were just the big clients, and a whole lot of designers trying to get them.

Where does it go from here? Do we lower our standards to the common denominator? As people get used to seeing amateur work in every media it may be that there will be no recognition or appreciation of professionally produced work. On the other hand, I’m willing to bet that most people would rather trust established brands when they are putting their hard-earned cash down.

It has become evident in the last few years that corporate control of the media has completely eroded the authority of those in publishing. Regardless of whether it is the news from the “authorities” or advertising from brands, or corporate reports, the average person has learned not to trust what he hears in traditional media.

What can you trust, and who can you trust? The emergence of social networking and viral marketing in this same era is provides a clue to what may be happening. The corporations would love to control this amazing way of advertising their products to the consumer, but it can backfire: this area is very sensitive to hype and is quick to expose inconsistencies and flaws. It would be just as easy to get negative as well as positive results using viral marketing and social networking.

The real positive of this movement is that it may allow a real accountability to emerge in the economic as well as the political arena. It has the potential to finally hold responsible those in authority to their word, hold companies accountable to their products and to their way of producing that product, as well as keeping them honest in advertising.

The power of free speech is in the hands of the many instead of the few as publishing becomes democratized. As ever in the past, commercial and political interests will strive to control and utilize this power to their own ends. Already, information on the buying habits and personal preferences of individuals is tracked by many entities. Viral marketing is a hot topic among marketers. They ask themselves how what people talk about can be used for profit and how they can control what is being said. Bloggers are romanced by corporate entities and some even paid to spread the word as if they are independent sources of information.

As the uncle of Spiderman said, “With great power comes great responsibility.” Democracy in whatever form has the annoying tendency to mutate into something else, while pretending to have remained true to form. Sometimes I think the book Animal Farm was not really about communism at all, but about how truth gets mutated by those in authority. Truth can only be trusted if independent of commercial or political interests as the debacle of commercial media in present times has proved.

– Copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

In composing a proposal for a company intent on community building, I reflected on what is community; what encourages people to use/belong to a community?

I think that it is the right blend of uniqueness and alikeness.

UNIQUENESS — what is the benefit to the individual
- information they can use for work or life
- positive ethics within Community
- members may gain a benefit in world outside Community — renown, job, mate, etc.
- members may work towards “star” status within one or more communities
- cult / elite “insider” status
- coolness factor
- people want to be given credit (paid in accolades or money) for their input
- people want to be heard; complaints addressed, software problems addressed
- people want to express themselves
- people feel valued, smart, and important
- users have to see individual benefits to themselves

ALIKENESS — what is the benefit to the Community
- positive ethics within Community
- grassroots appeal
- usability
- people want to help others (most want to be known for it)
- people like to feel part of a team
- sense of communality
- trust and respect within the Community
– copyright 2007 Aliyah Marr

Other articles on Building Virtual Communities:

<– Article 1 :::: Article 2 :::: Article 3 –>